Types of Climbing / Travel
Mountaineering sports actually have levels and qualifications. As we have always known the term mountaineering or other similar terminology.
According to the shape and type of terrain encountered, mountaineering can be divided as follows:
1. Hill Walking / Walking Feel
Travel climb hills relatively mild. Requires no technical climbing equipment. The journey can take up to several days. For example, a trip to Mount Gede or Ceremai.
2. Scarmbling
Gradually climb on a surface that is not so steep. Hand sometimes used only for balance. For example: climb around the summit of Mount Gede band Cibodas.
3. Climbing
Known as a short course, which generally does not take more than 1 day, only a few recreational or mountain climbing practice. Climbing activities that require mastery of climbing techniques and the application of control equipment. There are 2 amcam climbing form. :
a. Rock Climbing
- Climbing on the cliffs batau or coral wall. This type of climbing is common in the tropics.
b. Snow and Ice Climbing
- Climbing on ice and snow. On this climb, very special equipment is needed, such as an ice ax, ice screw, Crampton, etc..
Basic techniques Climbing / Rock Climbing
Climbing Technique
1. Face Climbing
Namely cliff climbing on the surface where there is still sufficient protrusion or cavity as well as Handheld footrest. The beginner climbers usually mempunytai tendency to entrust some of his weight on the handrails, and place crouch close to the cliff. This is a habit that one. Unbiased human hand is used to maintain body weight than the foot, so that the burden will be on hand quickly tiring to maintain body balance. Weight bridging tendency to rise to the moment the banks get in style footstool. This gives the opportunity to weigh in on tergelincir.Konsentrasi narrow field (focus distance) will provide style friction and better stability.
2. Friction / Slab Climbing
These techniques rely solely virtuoso style as style concentrator. This is done on the surface is not too vertical cliff, surface roughness enough to produce friction style. Style derived the greatest friction with frictional overburden areas with normal field as large as possible. Good soles and loading up on foot will provide a good frictional forces.
3. Climbing fissure
These techniques take advantage of the gap used by the body which seems to function as a lock. In this way, and some expansion, are the following techniques.
Jamming, climbing techniques, leveraging the gap is not so big. Fingers, feet, or hands can be inserted / diselipkan on slit up seems to resemble pegs.
Chimneying, climbing techniques sufficient vertical slit width (chomney). Body in between the cracks, and back on one side of a cliff. One leg attached to the front side of a cliff, and the other attached to the back. Second hand placed stick anyway. Second hand help mendororng equivalent with both feet on that drive and the weight.
Bridging, climbing technique on vertical slit large enough (gullies). How to use both hands and both feet, holding the gap. Position astride the body, feet, assisted by hand focuses also serves as the guardian of balance.
Lay Back, climbing technique on vertical gap with hands and feet. In this technique finger knitting with the dorsal side of the slit in such a way to menenpatkan tilt legs on the opposite side slit. Hand pulling back and legs push forward and then move up the succession.
Division climb Based Application Tool
Free Climbing
In keeping with its name, on free climbing tool is the best peacekeepers themselves. However safety can be improved with the skills acquired from the training well and follow the correct procedure. In free climbing, equipment serves only as a pacifier when falling. In implementation it moves while installing, so even without these tools it is still able to move or extend the climb. In this type of climber climbing secured by the belayer.
Free Soloing
Are part of the free climbing, but sipendaki really do with all completed risk faced sendiri.Dalam movement it does not require equipment peacekeepers. To do free soloing climbing, a climber should really find out all forms of resistance or movement on the route traveled. Sometimes even have to memorize it before the motion, both the concentration or holding, so usually people will do free soloing climbing when it has been climbing at the same crossing. Risk faced by this highly fatal type of climber once, so that only people who are able and professional really going to do it.
Climbing Atrificial
Climbing the cliff with the help of additional equipment, such as banks nails, drill, stirrup, etc.. Equipment should be used for the ascent often faced with little or no field at all to focus or move a sufficient opportunity.
Climbing System
1. Himalayan Sytle
Systems typically climb a long route up to achieve (top) takes a long time. This system evolved in the ascents of the Himalayan Mountains. Climb this type usually consists of several clusters and resting places (base camp, fly camp). Until the success of a team of people from all over, then it was successful ascent for the whole team.
2. Alpine Style
This system was developed in many European mountains. The climb has a goal that all climbers should reach a new peak climbing is considered successful. The system is generally faster ascent because climbers do not need to return to the base camp (when benighted able to make fly new camp, and next extended back).
Down Technique / Rappeling
This technique is used to descend the cliff. Categorized as dependent sepeuhnya techniques from equipment. Rappelling principle is as follows:
- Using the rappel rope and line path dependent.
- Using a style less weight and style as the driver feet at the cliff moving down.
- Use one hand to the other hand to balance and regulate speed.
- All sorts of techniques and variations Rappeling
1. Body rappel
Using only rope equipment, such that the wound on the body. In this technique the body develops friction between the rope until the affected part of the body will feel warm friction.
2. Brakebar Rappe
Using a sling / strap body, carabiner, rope, and brakebar. Other modifications of brakebar is descender (figure of 8). Similar application, which is given on the frictional forces or brakebar descender.
3. Rappel sling
Using a sling / strap body, carabiner, and rope. Done this way because most do not need other equipment, and felt quite safe. Used node type is the type of Italian hitch.
4. Arm rappel / HESTI
Using a rope wound on the back of your hands through the body. Used to banks that are not too steep.
In rapelling, working on body position always perpendicular to the edge, and do not be too quick download. Try to reduce your body as little as possible impact on the banks and the friction between the body with a rope. Before starting down, should:
Anchornya first check.
Make sure that there is no knot on the rope used.
Before getting to the edge of a cliff let cord already installed and make sure that the rope reaches the bottom (to the ground).
Try doing during the observation down, up and down, so when there is rock or soil fall we can prevent it, other could also see that there are crossings.
Make sure that the clothes will not get caught carabiner or other equipment.
Climbing Equipment
1. Rope Climb
Its primary function of the climb is as peacekeeping when jatuh.Dianjurkan the types of worn rope let that have been tested by the UIAA, a body to test the strength of climbing equipment. Length of the climb ropes organized around 50 meters, allowing the leader and belayer can still communicate. Generally worn rope diameter is 10-11 mm, but now there is a similar magnitude, with a diameter of 9.8 mm.
There are two kinds of climbing ropes, namely:
Static Rope, rope climb 2-5% fari kelentirannya achieve a given maximum weight. Rigid nature, generally white or green. Static ropes used for rappelling.
Dynamic Rope, rope climb kelenturannya reach 5-15% of the maximum weight given. Limber and flexible nature. Usually striking colored (red, orange, purple).
2. Carabiner
It is an oval-shaped ring or the letter D, and has a gate that serves seperni pin. There are 2 types of carabiner:
Screw Gate Carabiner (using locks).
Non Screw Gate Carabiner (without locks)
3. Sling
Usually made from tabular sling webbing, made up of some type. Sling functions include:
- As connective
- Create a natural point, drawing a tree or a hole in the cliff.
- Reduces friction forces / renew point
- Reduced movement (which adds load) at Piton Chock or installed.
4. Descender
A figure of eight devices. Functions as an assistant resist friction, so as to assist braking. Commonly used to membelay or rappelling.
5. Ascender
Shaped kind of like pincers that can bite when given load and open when raised. Its main function as aids to climb the rope.
6. Body harness / Strap Set
Peacekeeping tool that can lay the body binding. There are two types Hernas:
Seat body harness, the weight on the hips and thighs.
Body body harness, the weight on the chest, waist, hips, and thighs.
No body harness made by webbning or rope, and some have been directly assembled by the factory.
7. Shoe
There are two types of shoes used in climbing:
The limber and flexible shoes. The bottom is made from a strong rubber. Kelenturannya help to footing-footing in between cleah.
Shoes are not flexible / rigid on the underneath. For example, combat boot. Suitable used at many banks tonjolannya or small ladders. Style can focus retained by the front shoe.
8. Anchor (Anchor)
Tool that can be used as retaining load. Climbing ropes included in achor, so climbers can anchor any retained by fall. There are two kinds of anchors, namely:
Natural Anchor, bias is a large tree, the holes in the banks, bulge-bulge of rock, and so on.
Anchor artificial, artificial anchors are placed and run on the banks by the climbers. Example: Chock, Piton, bolts, etc..
Ascent procedure
The stages of a climb let begin with the following steps
Observed crossing and thinking techniques that will be applied.
Completion of the required equipment.
a. For leaders, the technical equipment arranged in such a way, so easy to take / choose and do not interfere with movement. The task leader is open crossings will be experienced by himself and the next climber.
b. To belayer, install anchors and trimming tools (rope that will be used). Belayer task is to help leaders in the movement and securing the leader when jatug. Belayer leader must always pay attention, good attention or command string, not too tight and not too loose.
When the belayer and leader're ready to climb, immediately climb command.
When a leader has come at an altitude of 1 pitch (rope exhausted), it should install achor.
Leader already installed on the anchor further serves as a belayer, to secure the next climber.
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